Subordinating Conjunctions
आश्रित संयोजक

Words like Because, Although, If, When, Since.

Definition: These conjunctions join a Dependent Clause (incomplete thought) to an Independent Clause (complete thought).
(ये शब्द एक अधूरे वाक्य को पूरे वाक्य से जोड़ते हैं ताकि अर्थ स्पष्ट हो सके।)

1. Time (समय)

Tells when something happened.

Conjunction	Hindi Meaning	Example
When	जब	I was sleeping when he came.
After	बाद में	We ate after he left.
Before	पहले	Wash hands before you eat.
Until	जब तक नहीं	Wait here until I return.

2. Reason (कारण)

Tells why something happened.

Conjunction	Hindi Meaning	Example
Because	क्योंकि	I stayed home because it rained.
Since	चूँकि / क्योंकि	Since he is busy, he won't come.
As	जैसा कि / क्योंकि	As you know, I am ill.

3. Condition (शर्त)

Tells under what condition something will happen.

Conjunction	Hindi Meaning	Example
If	अगर / यदि	If you study, you will pass.
Unless	जब तक कि (If not)	You will fail unless you study.

4. Contrast (विरोध)

Shows a surprise or opposite idea.

Although he is poor, he is happy. (हालाँकि वह गरीब है, फिर भी खुश है।)
Even though it was cold, we went out. (भले ही ठंड थी, हम बाहर गए।)

Punctuation Rule (कॉमा नियम)

1. If the sentence starts with the conjunction, use a comma.

Example: Because it rained, we stayed home.

2. If the conjunction is in the middle, usually no comma is needed.